[artdealer] 특허출원 부담없이
안녕하세요 artdealerchi 이빈다.
최근 지식재산권이 화제에 오르며 평범한 일반사람들에게도 지식재산권이 얼마나 중요한지에 대한 주제가 오갈 정도로 이슈가 되었습니다. 아마도 대기업 간의 분쟁사건이 언론에 비춰지면서 더욱 더 관심이 커진 것이 아닌가 생각합니다. 세계적인 기업들이 사활을 걸고 권리에 대한 소송과 분쟁이 이어지면서 지식재산권이 얼마나 중요한 것이고 그 가치가 얼마나 거대한지 간접적으로 인지하게 된 것 같네요. 그럼 오늘은 지식재산권 중 일부인 특허에 대한 관리, 등록, 개념, 방법에 대해서 알아보도록 하겠습니다.
지식재산권은 무형적 재산가치를 지닌 지적 창작물에 부여된 권리를 의미합니다. 인간은 발견이나 경험에 의한 창조적 활동을 하게 되는데 여기에는 정보와 지식, 기술 등이 결합되어 하나의 아이디어로 탄생하게 됩니다. 이에 대한 결과물을 바탕으로 우리는 보다 편리한 삶을 이어 나갈 수 있게 되는 것이죠. 이러한 방법, 결과물에 대한 지적 창작물에 부여되는 재산권리를 지킬 수 있는 제도가 바로 특허 입니다. 눈에 보이지 않는 것을 기반으로 하기 때문에 단순히 아이디어를 냈다거나 발명품을 개발한 것만으로 해당 지적 재산에 권리가 부여되지 않으며, 반드시 특허청을 통한 특허출원을 진행하여 등록까지 이어져야만 권리를 부여 받고 행사할 수 있게 됩니다.
현재 대한민국은 먼저 출원한 사람에게 권리를 우선적으로 부여하는 선출원주의를 택하고 있습니다. 따라서 신속한 출원으로 우선권을 선점하는 것이 무엇보다 중요합니다. 특허권을 소유하게 된다면 해당 기술 및 발명품에 대한 독점적 권리를 얻게 되며 법적으로 보호를 받을 수 있습니다. 여기서 앞서 말한 출원이라는 것은 해당 제도를 관장하는 특허청에 보호 받고자 하는 기술에 대해 청구설명과 함께 기술내용을 포함시켜 제출하는 것을 의미합니다. 이렇게 출원을 통해서 특허청 심사관으로부터 심사를 받을 수 있게 되며, 몇 가지 특허요건에 부합되는 경우 심사에 통과되어 특허로써 인정 받게 되고 독점적 실시권을 부여 받을 수 있게 됩니다. 특허의 경우 출원일로부터 20년 동안 존속기간이 발생됩니다.
특허에는 총 세 가지 요건이 있습니다. 신규성, 진보성, 산업상 이용 가능성. 반드시 기존에 없던 새로운 내용이어야 하며 누구나 생각할 수 있는 내용의 아이디어 및 기술이라면 진보성에 흠결이 발생해 요건에서 제외됩니다. 또한, 산업상 이용가치가 충분해야 한다는 조건을 만족시킨다면 특허등록이 가능합니다. 이러한 등록 요건을 사전에 미리 체크하여 검토하는 것으로 심사로부터 거절통지를 받을 수 있는 요소들을 배제시키는 과정이 반드시 선행되어야만 올바른 출원 준비를 했다 할 수 있습니다. 내가 등록하고자 하는 특허출원에 대하여 동일하거나 유사한 기술이 있는지 살펴보는 ‘선행기술조사’를 통해서 제대로 된 검토를 하지 않고 출원을 진행하는 경우 상당한 비용과 시간을 낭비하게 될 수도 있기 때문의 반드시 주의해야 하는 부분입니다.
특허는 심사청구로부터 결과가 통지되기까지 통상 1년 정도의 시간이 소요되기 때문에 상당한 기간을 낭비하게 되는 것이고 관납료 역시 적지 않기 때문에 신중하고 꼼꼼하게 준비하여 진행하는 것이 좋습니다. 일부는 개인이 특허출원을 준비해서 진행하는 경우도 있지만 대부분 전문가의 도움을 받아 진행하고 있습니다.
특허의 경우 전문지식은 물론 앞서 말씀 드린 검토과정과 더불어 심사로부터 발생되는 거절통지에 대해서 의견서 제출이라는 중간사건에 대한 대응이 필요하기 때문에 반드시 전문가의 도움을 받아 진행하시는 것이 시간적으로나, 비용적으로나 효율적일 수 밖에 없습니다. 정말 사업의 기반이 되고 중심이 되는 중요한 기술이라면 더욱 더 한번에 등록에 성공하는 것이 중요하기 때문입니다. 자칫 엉성한 준비로 인해서 최종 거절 통지를 받게 되고 이를 경쟁업체에서 먼저 선점하여 특허등록에 성공하게 된다면 핵심기술을 고스란히 빼앗기게 되는 것이 되어버리기 때문입니다.
또한, 기업적 측면에서 봤을 때 특허출원은 단순히 등록만을 목표로 활용되고 있진 않습니다. 경쟁업체의 출원 진입을 막기 위한 방어수단으로써 전략적으로도 활용되고 있는데요. 앞서 말씀 드린 우선권을 활용하는 것으로 등록보다는 경쟁업체의 출원을 저지하는 요소로 활용하여 시장경쟁에서의 우위를 점하는 방법 등 출원은 다양하게 활용될 수 있습니다.
기업적인 측면에서는 사실 특허권 외에 다른 법률도 매우 중요합니다. 상표권, 디자인권, 저작권(COPYRIGHT) 말이죠. 이들 법률을 종합적으로 고려한 전략 설계가 필요할 것입니다. 특허발명에 대한 핵심을 알아보세요.
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